| Intrusion & War There had existed a sort of "gentleman's agreement" between India and Pakistan that the armies of either side will not occupy posts from the 15 September to 15th April of each year. This had been the case since 1977, but in 1999 this agreement was cast aside by the Pakistani army in hopes of trying to gain the upper hand in Kashmir. The Intruders Initial Estimated Intruders - 500 to 1,000 Actual strength of the intruders - Around 5000 The Intruders on the heights were an amalgam of professional soldiers and mercenaries. They included the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 12th battalions of the Pakistan Army's Northern Light Infantry (NLI). Among them were many Mujaheddin and members of Pakistan's the Special Services Group (SSG).The intruders were also well armed with AK 47 and 56, mortars, artillery, anti aircraft guns, and Stinger missiles. Operation Vijay Indian Army's offensive named Operation Vijay was launched on May 26, 1999. Batalik Sector This sector is located between the Shyok and Indus rivers. This sector was responsible for about half of the Indian casualties. The Battle for Chorbat La, Turtuk & Eastern section The Eastern section of the Batalik sector consists of Chorbat La (mountain pass), Turturk and Pt 5287.This sector was recaptured on June 16,1999 by 11 Rajputana Rifles. Pt 5287 was recaptured on July 5th by the Ladakh Scouts. The Eastern section was recaptured on July 6th after 38 days of war. Jubar Ridge Jubar Ridge is located on the western end of the sector and is several km from the LOC. Initial Army patrols to this area were killed by the inturders.The first attack on the ridge was unsucessful. In the next attacks, the Indian Army decided to cut supply routes and encircle the enemy camps.The battle raged for 40 days ending on July 8, 1999, involved hand to hand combat and heavy casualties. Eventually, 1 Bihar of the Indian Army revailed over the enemy forces. Central Section The Central Section of Batalik Sector consists of Munthu Dhalo, Kokarthang and Pt 5285. Intial attacks in this area were unsuccesful. 1 Paras and 11 Gorkha Rifles pressed on and were able to take back all of the peaks in the region. Dras Sector This sector is the Western most of the inturders positions. Dras Sector is adjacent to the Srinagar - Leh Highway (NH 1), making this sector strategically important as traffic on the highway was vulnerable to the enemy firing. The main positions of the intuders were the Tololing Top, Tiger Hill, Pt 4875, Pt 4590, Pt 5100 and Pt 5140. Tololing Tololing Peak was the dominant position in the sector as it directly overlooked the highway. The Battle of Tololing was intially carried out by 18 grenadiers on May 22, 1999 and was unsucessful. Subsequently, 1 Naga Regiment, 15 Garhwal and the Grenadiers took up the task but also failed to beat back the intruders. Eventually 2 Rajput, a fresh battalion, was given the task of capturing the peak. 2 Rajput prevailed on the June 13, 1999. The same battalion was sucessful in capturing Pt 4590 on June 14, 1999. Pt 5410 located east of Tololing and closer to the LOC was captured by 1 Naga Regiment. Pt 5100, located close to the LOC was a major supply route for enemy forces. The capture of this on July 1, 1999 was instrumental in the recapture of Tiger Hill. Tiger Hill Initial attempts by 8 Sikh were unsucessful. Kaksar Sector This sector is located in between the two dominant sectors of Batalik and Dras.Operations in this sector were undertaken after the Dras sector was secured. 1 Naga and 16 Grenadiers were tasked with the recapture of the Bajrang Post and were sucessful on July 12, 1999. Maskoh Valley & Other parts of the LOC Operations to recapture the area were mobilized after the Dras sector was retaken. On July 9, 1999, Pakistan agreed to pull back the intruders and the Indian Army moved forward to reoccupy the vacated land. Pakistani troops shelled the bordering villages and destroyed houses and schools. Approximantly 100,000 civilians were evacuated. Also Pakistan had amassed a large number of terrorists at select points along the LOC for infiltration. It is estimated that several hundred of these terrorists were pushed across the LOC during the conflict.Pakistan also made an attempt to capture the Indian post in the Naushera sectorof Jammu but failed to do so. Pakistan issued statements condemning India's counter attack and falsely claiming that the fighters were the mujaheddin and or Kashmiri freedom fighters.Pakistan tried to use kargil as a way to project the Kashmir conflict as a potential nuclear showdown thereby encouraging international intervention that might favor Pakistan. Regards Shail |
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