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What is Trigeminal Neuralgia ?
Severe pain on one side of the face due to compression, inflammation, or damage to the trigeminal nerve.
The trigeminal nerve transmits sensation from parts of the face to the brain and controls some of the muscles that are involved in chewing. |
TN (Trigeminal Neuralgia / tic douloureux) is a disorder of the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve that causes episodes of intense, stabbing, electric shock-like pain in the areas of the face where the branches of the nerve are distributed - lips, eyes, nose, scalp, forehead, upper jaw, and lower jaw. By many, it's called the "suicide disease".
Symptoms of Trigeminal neuralgia
Damage to this nerve causes repeated bursts of sharp, stabbing pain, known as trigeminal neuralgia, in the lip, gum, or cheek on one side of the face. Attacks may last for a few seconds or several minutes and may become more frequent over time. An attack may occur spontaneously or be triggered by certain facial movements, such as chewing, or by touching a trigger spot on the face. Attacks rarely occur at night.
People who have experienced severe trigeminal neuralgia have described the pain as:
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Lightning-like
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Shooting
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Jabbing
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Like having live wires in your face
It's possible for the pain to occur on both sides of your face, but trigeminal neuralgia usually affects just one side. The pain may affect just a portion of one side of your face, or the pain may spread in a wider pattern.
The condition also tends to come and go. You may experience attacks of pain off and on all day, or even for days or weeks at a time. Then, you may experience no pain for a prolonged period of time.
A variety of triggers, many subtle, may set off the pain. These triggers may include:
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Area of pain
The area of pain can be broken down into the three branches of the trigeminal nerve. In medicine the trigeminal nerve is known as the fifth cranial nerve. It is often referred to using the Roman numeral 'V'. Below are the three branches broken down - 'V' refers to the trigeminal nerve: - V1, ophthalmic, the first branch of the trigeminal nerve.
Affects the forehead, nose and eye.
- V2, maxillary, the second branch of the trigeminal nerve.
Affects the lower eyelid, side of nose, cheek, gum, lip, and upper teeth.
- V3, mandibular, the third branch of the trigeminal nerve.
Affects the jaw, lower teeth, gum, and lower lip.
Affects the forehead, nose and eye.
Affects the lower eyelid, side of nose, cheek, gum, lip, and upper teeth.
Affects the jaw, lower teeth, gum, and lower lip.
If a tumour is found, surgery may be necessary to remove it. Surgery may also be used to separate the trigeminal nerve from a blood vessel if the vessel is compressing the nerve. The goal of a number of surgical procedures is to either damage or destroy the part of the trigeminal nerve that's the source of the pain. Because the success of these procedures depends on damaging the nerve, one side effect is facial numbness of varying degrees.
These procedures involve:
Microvascular decompression (MVD)
after all this treatment some patient do not feel better or cure
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